Publications of Mausumi Dikpati
A list of publications authored or co-authored by Mausumi Dikpati, derived from the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS). The number in brackets after each title indicates the number of citations that the paper has received.
Orcid ID: 0000-0002-2227-0488
List of publications ordered by citations
Number of papers: 101 (refereed: 101)
No. of citations: 4418
First author papers: 57
(refereed: 57)
2026
- A Physics Informed Neural Network for Deriving MHD State Vectors from Global Active Regions Observations [0]
Chatterjee, Subhamoy & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 998, 309
- A Multilayer Magnetohydrodynamic Shallow-water Model of The Solar Tachocline: Equilibrium Shape and Thickness [0]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 998, 134
- A generalized Ekman theory for meridional circulation in the solar convection zone [0]
Hester, Richard, Zhang, J. & Dikpati, M., MNRAS, 547, stag343
2025
- Mother's Day Superstorms: Pre- and Post-storm Evolutionary Patterns of ARs 13664/8 [6]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Korsós, Marianna B., Norton, Aimee A., Raphaldini, Breno, Jain, Kiran, McIntosh, Scott W., Gilman, Peter A., Teruya, Andre S. W. & Raouafi, Nour E., ApJ, 988, 108
- A dynamic equilibrium theory for zonal circulation in the solar convection zone [1]
Hester, Richard, Zhang, J. & Dikpati, M., MNRAS, 538, 165
- Analysis of Short-term Solar Activity Variability and Estimating the Timings of the Next Enhanced Bursts [0]
Shetye, Juie & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 992, 177
- Magnetohydrodynamic shallow water equations with the alpha effect: Rossby-dynamo waves in solar─stellar tachoclines [1]
Zaqarashvili, T. V., Dikpati, M. & Gilman, P. A., A&A, 703, A190
2024
- Ensemble Kalman Filter Data Assimilation into the Surface Flux Transport Model to Infer Surface Flows: An Observing System Simulation Experiment [5]
Dash, Soumyaranjan, DeRosa, Marc L., Dikpati, Mausumi, Sun, Xudong, Mahajan, Sushant S., Liu, Yang & Hoeksema, J. Todd, ApJ, 975, 288
- Evolution of amplitude and longitude phase of tachocline Rossby waves diffusing to the photosphere [1]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A., Raphaldini, Breno & McIntosh, Scott W., MNRAS, 535, 1856
- Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities of Double Magnetic Bands in a Shallow-water Tachocline Model. II. Teleconnection Between High- and Low-latitude Bands and Across Equator [1]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Belucz, Bernadett, Erdélyi, Robertus, Gilman, Peter A., McIntosh, Scott W. & Raphaldini, Breno, ApJ, 977, 99
- A magnetohydrodynamic mechanism for the formation of solar polar vortices [5]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Raphaldini, Breno, McIntosh, Scott W., Korsos, Marianna B., Guerrero, Gustavo A. & Gilman, Peter A., Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 121, e2415157121
- Exploring Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Debrecen Solar Faculae Database: Part I [6]
Elek, Anett, Korsós, Marianna B., Dikpati, Mausumi, Gyenge, Norbert G., Belucz, Bernadett & Erdélyi, Robertus, ApJ, 964, 112
- Spectra of solar shallow-water waves from bright point observations [2]
Raphaldini, B., Dikpati, M., McIntosh, S. & Teruya, A. S. W., A&A, 692, A102
- Global and local dynamics of X-flare-producing active regions during solar cycle 25 peak phase [3]
Raphaldini, B., Dikpati, M., Teruya, A. S. W., Jain, K., Norton, A. A. & McIntosh, S. W., A&A, 691, A3
- Information-theory-based System-level Babcock─Leighton Flux Transport Model─Data Comparisons [2]
Wing, Simon, Johnson, Jay R., Dikpati, Mausumi & Nurhan, Yosia I., ApJ, 977, L15
2023
- Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities of Double Magnetic Bands in a Shallow-water Tachocline Model. I. Cross-equatorial Interactions of Bands [4]
Belucz, Bernadett, Dikpati, Mausumi, McIntosh, Scott W., Leamon, Robert J. & Erdélyi, Robertus, ApJ, 945, 32
- On the Connection between Rieger-type and Magneto-Rossby Waves Driving the Frequency of the Large Solar Eruptions during Solar Cycles 19-25 [16]
Korsós, Marianna B., Dikpati, Mausumi, Erdélyi, Robertus, Liu, Jiajia & Zuccarello, Francesca, ApJ, 944, 180
- Deciphering the Pre-solar-storm Features of the 2017 September Storm From Global and Local Dynamics [11]
Raphaldini, Breno, Dikpati, Mausumi, Norton, Aimee A., Teruya, Andre S. W., McIntosh, Scott W., Prior, Christopher B. & MacTaggart, David, ApJ, 958, 175
- Information-theoretic Analysis of Longitude Distribution of Photospheric Magnetic Fields from MDI/HMI Synoptic Maps: Evidence for Rossby Waves [11]
Raphaldini, Breno, Dikpati, Mausumi & McIntosh, Scott W., ApJ, 953, 156
2022
- Simulating Solar Near-surface Rossby Waves by Inverse Cascade from Supergranule Energy [13]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A., Guerrero, Gustavo A., Kosovichev, Alexander G., McIntosh, Scott W., Sreenivasan, Katepalli. R., Warnecke, Jörn & Zaqarashvili, Teimuraz V., ApJ, 931, 117
- Tracking Movement of Long-lived Equatorial Coronal Holes from Analysis of Long-term McIntosh Archive Data [12]
Harris, Jacob, Dikpati, Mausumi, Hewins, Ian M., Gibson, Sarah E., McIntosh, Scott W., Chatterjee, Subhamoy & Kuchar, Thomas A., ApJ, 931, 54
- What Seismic Minimum Reveals about Solar Magnetism below the Surface [9]
Jain, Kiran, Jain, Niket, Tripathy, Sushanta C. & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 924, L20
2021
- Dynamical Splitting of Spot-producing Magnetic Rings in a Nonlinear Shallow-water Model [3]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Norton, Aimee A., McIntosh, Scott W. & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 922, 46
- Deciphering the Deep Origin of Active Regions via Analysis of Magnetograms [17]
Dikpati, Mausumi, McIntosh, Scott W., Chatterjee, Subhamoy, Norton, Aimee A., Ambroz, Pavel, Gilman, Peter A., Jain, Kiran & Munoz-Jaramillo, Andres, ApJ, 910, 91
- Measuring the Magnetic Origins of Solar Flares, Coronal Mass Ejections, and Space Weather [23]
Judge, Philip, Rempel, Matthias, Ezzeddine, Rana, Kleint, Lucia, Egeland, Ricky, Berdyugina, Svetlana V., Berger, Thomas, Bryans, Paul, Burkepile, Joan, Centeno, Rebecca, de Toma, Giuliana, Dikpati, Mausumi, Fan, Yuhong, Gilbert, Holly & Lacatus, Daniela A., ApJ, 917, 27
- Rossby Waves in Astrophysics [82]
Zaqarashvili, T. V., Albekioni, M., Ballester, J. L., Bekki, Y., Biancofiore, L., Birch, A. C., Dikpati, M., Gizon, L., Gurgenashvili, E., Heifetz, E., Lanza, A. F., McIntosh, S. W., Ofman, L., Oliver, R., Proxauf, B., Umurhan, O. M. & Yellin-Bergovoy, R., Space Science Reviews, 217, 15
2020
- Physics of Magnetohydrodynamic Rossby Waves in the Sun [31]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A., Chatterjee, Subhamoy, McIntosh, Scott W. & Zaqarashvili, Teimuraz V., ApJ, 896, 141
2019
- Signature of Extended Solar Cycles as Detected from Ca II K Synoptic Maps of Kodaikanal and Mount Wilson Observatory [8]
Chatterjee, Subhamoy, Banerjee, Dipankar, McIntosh, Scott W., Leamon, Robert J., Dikpati, Mausumi, Srivastava, Abhishek K. & Bertello, Luca, ApJ, 874, L4
- Triggering The Birth of New Cycle's Sunspots by Solar Tsunami [18]
Dikpati, Mausumi, McIntosh, Scott W., Chatterjee, Subhamoy, Banerjee, Dipankar, Yellin-Bergovoy, Ron & Srivastava, Abhishek, Scientific Reports, 9, 2035
- What the Sudden Death of Solar Cycles Can Tell Us About the Nature of the Solar Interior [43]
McIntosh, Scott W., Leamon, Robert J., Egeland, Ricky, Dikpati, Mausumi, Fan, Yuhong & Rempel, Matthias, Solar Physics, 294, 88
2018
- Phase Speed of Magnetized Rossby Waves that Cause Solar Seasons [47]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Belucz, Bernadett, Gilman, Peter A. & McIntosh, Scott W., ApJ, 862, 159
- Role of Interaction between Magnetic Rossby Waves and Tachocline Differential Rotation in Producing Solar Seasons [83]
Dikpati, Mausumi, McIntosh, Scott W., Bothun, Gregory, Cally, Paul S., Ghosh, Siddhartha S., Gilman, Peter A. & Umurhan, Orkan M., ApJ, 853, 144
- The Extended Solar Cycle: Muddying the Waters of Solar/Stellar Dynamo Modeling Or Providing Crucial Observational Constraints? [9]
Srivastava, Abhishek K., McIntosh, Scott W., Arge, N., Banerjee, Dipankar, Dikpati, Mausumi, Dwivedi, Bhola N., Guhathakurta, Madhulika, Karak, B. B., Leamon, Robert J., Matthew, Shibu K., Munoz-Jaramillo, Andres, Nandy, D., Norton, Aimee, Upton, L., Chatterjee, S., Mazumder, Rakesh, Rao, Yamini K. & Yadav, Rahul, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 5, 38
2017
- The Global Solar Dynamo [79]
Cameron, R. H., Dikpati, M. & Brandenburg, A., Space Science Reviews, 210, 367
- The Origin of the "Seasons" in Space Weather [73]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Cally, Paul S., McIntosh, Scott W. & Heifetz, Eyal, Scientific Reports, 7, 14750
- An Observationally Constrained 3D Potential-field Source-surface Model for the Evolution of Longitude-dependent Coronal Structures [3]
Everson, Rosa Wallace & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 850, 152
- North-South Asymmetry in Rieger-type Periodicity during Solar Cycles 19-23 [56]
Gurgenashvili, Eka, Zaqarashvili, Teimuraz V., Kukhianidze, Vasil, Oliver, Ramon, Ballester, Jose Luis, Dikpati, Mausumi & McIntosh, Scott W., ApJ, 845, 137
2016
- Cyclic Evolution of Coronal Fields from a Coupled Dynamo Potential-Field Source-Surface Model [7]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Suresh, Akshaya & Burkepile, Joan, Solar Physics, 291, 339
- Data Assimilation in a Solar Dynamo Model Using Ensemble Kalman Filters: Sensitivity and Robustness in Reconstruction of Meridional Flow Speed [14]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Anderson, Jeffrey L. & Mitra, Dhrubaditya, ApJ, 828, 91
- Role of response time of a Babcock-Leighton solar dynamo model in meridional flow-speed reconstruction by EnKF data assimilation [5]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Mitra, Dhrubaditya & Anderson, Jeffrey L., Advances in Space Research, 58, 1589
2015
- A Babcock-Leighton Solar Dynamo Model with Multi-cellular Meridional Circulation in Advection- and Diffusion-dominated Regimes [39]
Belucz, Bernadett, Dikpati, Mausumi & Forgács-Dajka, Emese, ApJ, 806, 169
- Recent Advances on Solar Global Magnetism and Variability [52]
Brun, A. S., Browning, M. K., Dikpati, M., Hotta, H. & Strugarek, A., Space Science Reviews, 196, 101
- Observations and Modeling of North-South Asymmetries Using a Flux Transport Dynamo [28]
Shetye, Juie, Tripathi, Durgesh & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 799, 220
2014
- Generating the Sun's global meridional circulation from differential rotation and turbulent Reynolds stresses [17]
Dikpati, M., MNRAS, 438, 2380
- Meridional circulation from differential rotation in an adiabatically stratified solar/stellar convection zone [2]
Dikpati, M., Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, 108, 222
- Ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation in a Babcock-Leighton solar dynamo model: An observation system simulation experiment for reconstructing meridional flow speed [25]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Anderson, Jeffrey L. & Mitra, Dhrubaditya, Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 5361
- Baroclinic Instability in the Solar Tachocline [19]
Gilman, Peter & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 787, 60
- A Three-dimensional Babcock-Leighton Solar Dynamo Model [68]
Miesch, Mark S. & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 785, L8
2013
- Exploring the North-South asymmetry in a Babcock-Leighton dynamo [8]
Belucz , B., Forgács-Dajka, E. & Dikpati, M., Astronomische Nachrichten, 334, 960
- Role of Asymmetric Meridional Circulation in Producing North-South Asymmetry in a Solar Cycle Dynamo Model [42]
Belucz, Bernadett & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 779, 4
- Comparison of the Past Two Solar Minima from the Perspective of the Interior Dynamics and Dynamo of the Sun [15]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Space Science Reviews, 176, 279
2012
- Evaluating Potential for Data Assimilation in a Flux-transport Dynamo Model by Assessing Sensitivity and Response to Meridional Flow Variation [18]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Anderson, Jeffrey L., ApJ, 756, 20
- Theory of Solar Meridional Circulation at High Latitudes [12]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 746, 65
- Nonlinear Evolution of Global Hydrodynamic Shallow-water Instability in the Solar Tachocline [21]
Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 745, 128
- Plasma flow versus magnetic feature-tracking speeds in the Sun [8]
Guerrero, G., Rheinhardt, M., Brandenburg, A. & Dikpati, M., MNRAS, 420, L1
2011
- Analyses Of Three-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Instability of Antisolar Latitudinal Differential Rotation in F, G, and K Stars [3]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Cally, Paul S., ApJ, 739, 4
- Polar Field Puzzle: Solutions from Flux-transport Dynamo and Surface-transport Models [30]
Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 733, 90
- Resonance in Forced Flux-transport Dynamos [7]
Gilman, Peter A. & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 738, 108
2010
- Impact of changes in the Sun's conveyor-belt on recent solar cycles [59]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A., de Toma, Giuliana & Ulrich, Roger K., Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L14107
- Length of a minimum as predictor of next solar cycle's strength [12]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A. & Kane, Rajaram P., Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L06104
- Physical Origin of Differences Among Various Measures of Solar Meridional Circulation [27]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A. & Ulrich, Roger K., ApJ, 722, 774
2009
- Flux-Transport Solar Dynamos [53]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., Space Science Reviews, 144, 67
- Axisymmetric MHD Instabilities in Solar/Stellar Tachoclines [22]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A., Cally, Paul S. & Miesch, Mark S., ApJ, 692, 1421
- The Role of Diffusivity Quenching in Flux-transport Dynamo Models [30]
Guerrero, Gustavo, Dikpati, Mausumi & de Gouveia Dal Pino, Elisabete M., ApJ, 701, 725
2008
- Three-dimensional magneto-shear instabilities in the solar tachocline - II. Axisymmetric case [12]
Cally, Paul S., Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., MNRAS, 391, 891
- Predicting cycle 24 using various dynamo-based tools [7]
Dikpati, M., Annales Geophysicae, 26, 259
- Global solar dynamo models: Simulations and predictions [18]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, 29, 29
- Polar Flux, Cross-equatorial Flux, and Dynamo-generated Tachocline Toroidal Flux as Predictors of Solar Cycles [32]
Dikpati, Mausumi, de Toma, Giuliana & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 675, 920
- The Waldmeier Effect: An Artifact of the Definition of Wolf Sunspot Number? [55]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A. & de Toma, Giuliana, ApJ, 673, L99
- A solar mean field dynamo benchmark [115]
Jouve, L., Brun, A. S., Arlt, R., Brandenburg, A., Dikpati, M., Bonanno, A., Käpylä, P. J., Moss, D., Rempel, M., Gilman, P., Korpi, M. J. & Kosovichev, A. G., A&A, 483, 949
2007
- Steps for Building a Calibrated Flux-Transport Dynamo for the Sun [14]
Dikpati, M. & Gilman, P. A., Solar Physics, 241, 1
- Global solar dynamo models: simulations and predictions of cyclic photospheric fields and long-term non-reversing interior fields [18]
Dikpati, M. & Gilman, P. A., New Journal of Physics, 9, 297
- Predicting solar `climate' by assimilating magnetic data into a flux-transport dynamo [3]
Dikpati, M., Astronomische Nachrichten, 328, 1092
- Simulating Solar Cycles in Northern and Southern Hemispheres by Assimilating Magnetic Data into a Calibrated Flux-Transport Dynamo [38]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A., de Toma, Giuliana & Ghosh, Siddhartha S., Solar Physics, 245, 1
- Global MHD Instabilities in a Three-dimensional Thin-Shell Model of Solar Tachocline [29]
Gilman, Peter A., Dikpati, Mausumi & Miesch, Mark S., ApJS, 170, 203
- Nonlinear Evolution of Global Magnetoshear Instabilities in a Three-dimensional Thin-Shell Model of the Solar Tachocline [32]
Miesch, Mark S., Gilman, Peter A. & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJS, 168, 337
2006
- The importance of the solar tachocline [6]
Dikpati, M., Advances in Space Research, 38, 839
- Predicting the strength of solar cycle 24 using a flux-transport dynamo-based tool [264]
Dikpati, Mausumi, de Toma, Giuliana & Gilman, Peter A., Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L05102
- Simulating and Predicting Solar Cycles Using a Flux-Transport Dynamo [235]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 649, 498
- Penetration of Dynamo-generated Magnetic Fields into the Sun's Radiative Interior [27]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A. & MacGregor, Keith B., ApJ, 638, 564
2005
- Solar magnetic fields and the dynamo theory [32]
Dikpati, M., Advances in Space Research, 35, 322
- Comments on "Full-sphere simulations of circulation-dominated solar dynamo: Exploring the parity issue" [17]
Dikpati, M., Rempel, M., Gilman, P. A. & MacGregor, K. B., A&A, 437, 699
- A Shallow-Water Theory for the Sun's Active Longitudes [59]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 635, L193
- Constraints on the Applicability of an Interface Dynamo to the Sun [21]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A. & MacGregor, Keith B., ApJ, 631, 647
2004
- Linear Analysis and Nonlinear Evolution of Two-Dimensional Global Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities in a Diffusive Tachocline [41]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Cally, Paul S. & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 610, 597
- Diagnostics of Polar Field Reversal in Solar Cycle 23 Using a Flux Transport Dynamo Model [187]
Dikpati, Mausumi, de Toma, Giuliana, Gilman, Peter A., Arge, Charles N. & White, Oran R., ApJ, 601, 1136
2003
- Clamshell and Tipping Instabilities in a Two-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Tachocline [75]
Cally, Paul S., Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 582, 1190
- Stability Analysis of Tachocline Latitudinal Differential Rotation and Coexisting Toroidal Band Using a Shallow-Water Model [50]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Gilman, Peter A. & Rempel, Matthias, ApJ, 596, 680
- Storage and Equilibrium of Toroidal Magnetic Fields in the Solar Tachocline: A Comparison between MHD Shallow-Water and Full MHD Approaches [13]
Rempel, Matthias & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 584, 524
2002
- Flux Transport Solar Dynamos with Near-Surface Radial Shear [62]
Dikpati, Mausumi, Corbard, Thierry, Thompson, Michael J. & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 575, L41
- Analysis of Instability of Latitudinal Differential Rotation and Toroidal Field in the Solar Tachocline Using a Magnetohydrodynamic Shallow-Water Model. I. Instability for Broad Toroidal Field Profiles [51]
Gilman, Peter A. & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 576, 1031
2001
- Flux-Transport Dynamos with α-Effect from Global Instability of Tachocline Differential Rotation: A Solution for Magnetic Parity Selection in the Sun [234]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 559, 428
- Prolateness of the Solar Tachocline Inferred from Latitudinal Force Balance in a Magnetohydrodynamic Shallow-Water Model [32]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 552, 348
- Analysis of Hydrodynamic Stability of Solar Tachocline Latitudinal Differential Rotation using a Shallow-Water Model [97]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 551, 536
2000
- Stochastic Fluctuations in a Babcock-Leighton Model of the Solar Cycle [180]
Charbonneau, Paul & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 543, 1027
- Joint Instability of Latitudinal Differential Rotation and Concentrated Toroidal Fields below the Solar Convection Zone. II. Instability of Narrow Bands at All Latitudes [65]
Gilman, Peter A. & Dikpati, Mausumi, ApJ, 528, 552
1999
- Stability of the Solar Latitudinal Differential Rotation Inferred from Helioseismic Data [78]
Charbonneau, Paul, Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 526, 523
- On the large-scale diffuse magnetic field of the Sun - II. The Contribution of Active Regions [43]
Choudhuri, Arnab Rai & Dikpati, Mausumi, Solar Physics, 184, 61
- A Babcock-Leighton Flux Transport Dynamo with Solar-like Differential Rotation [658]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Charbonneau, Paul, ApJ, 518, 508
- Joint Instability of Latitudinal Differential Rotation and Concentrated Toroidal Fields below the Solar Convection Zone [83]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Gilman, Peter A., ApJ, 512, 417
1996
- On the Out of Phase Appearance of Large-Scale Diffuse Magnetic Field of the Sun with Respect to Sunspots [1]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Choudhuri, Arnab Rai, Astrophysics and Space Science, 243, 169
1995
- On the Large-Scale Diffuse Magnetic Field of the Sun [50]
Dikpati, Mausumi & Choudhuri, Arnab Rai, Solar Physics, 161, 9
1993
- Energy Transport to the Solar Corona by Magnetic Kink Waves [60]
Choudhuri, Arnab R., Dikpati, Mausumi & Banerjee, Dipankar, ApJ, 413, 811
Created on Wed Apr 8 04:34:29 2026.
|